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Một lần đến đèo Mã Pí Lèng

Một lần đến đèo Mã Pí Lèng . Đèo Mã Pí Lèng (còn có âm đọc là Mã Pì Lèng, Mã Pỉ Lèng, Mả Pì Lèng) thuộc tỉnh Hà Giang là cung đường đèo hiểm trở dài khoảng 20 km  vượt đỉnh Mã Pí Lèng, một đỉnh núi có độ cao khoảng 1.200m thuộc Cao nguyên Đồng Văn, nằm trên con đường mang tên Đường Hạnh Phúc nối liền thành phố Hà Giang, Đồng Văn và thị trấn Mèo Vạc. Con đường dài khoảng 20 km này được hàng vạn thanh niên xung phong thuộc 16 dân tộc của 8 tỉnh miền Bắc Việt Nam làm trong 6 năm (1959-1965) với trên 2 triệu lượt ngày công lao động, trong đó riêng đoạn đèo vượt Mã Pí Lèng được các thanh niên trong đội cảm tử treo mình trên vách núi lấn từng centimet để làm trong 11 tháng.

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Mã Pí Lèng được du khách gọi một cách không chính thống là một trong “tứ đại đỉnh đèo” tại vùng núi phía Bắc Việt Nam, bên cạnh Đèo Ô Quy Hồ, Đèo Khau Phạ và Đèo Pha Đin.

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Tên gọi và đặc điểm Mã Pì Lèng

Mã Pí Lèng (马鼻梁) là tên gọi theo tiếng Quan Thoại chỉ sống mũi con ngựa theo nghĩa đen. Nhưng theo nghĩa bóng tên gọi này chỉ sự hiểm trở bậc nhất của đỉnh núi, nơi những con ngựa cái leo lên đến đỉnh trụy thai mà chết, nơi dốc cao đến mức con ngựa đi qua phải tắt thở, hoặc đỉnh núi dựng đứng như sống mũi con ngựa. Tuy nhiên, theo một số người Hmong bản địa thì tên đúng của đèo là Máo Pì Lèng, nghĩa là “sống mũi con mèo”.

Đỉnh Mã Pí Lèng thuộc ba xã Pải Lủng, Pả Vi và Xín Cái (Mèo Vạc, Hà Giang) trong cao nguyên đá Đồng Văn có độ cao khoảng 2000m so với mặt nước biển, được tạo nên bởi một loạt trầm tích gồm đá vôi, đá phiến ánh, đá vôi silic chứa các hóa thạch cách đây khoảng 426 triệu năm, bao gồm trong đó nhiều vết trượt và vết nứt do các hoạt động tạo núi gây ra.

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Cảnh quan khu vực này lởm chởm đá dựng, trong đó vực sâu sông Nho Quế như xẻ đôi một bên là đỉnh Mã Pí Lèng và một bên là Săm Pun (Sam Pun), nơi có cột mốc biên giới và cửa khẩu thông thương từ Xín Cái sang Điền Bồng, Trung Quốc. Các học giả Pháp, từ cả trăm năm trước, đã gọi đỉnh Mã Pí Lèng nói riêng và Công viên địa chất toàn cầu Cao nguyên đá Đồng Văn nói chung là một “Tượng đài Địa chất”. Đi trên đèo Mã Pí Lèng nhìn xuống vực sâu, sông Nho Quế chỉ bé như một sợi chỉ.

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